ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT06239272

NRSTS2021, A Risk Adapted Study Evaluating Maintenance Pazopanib, Limited Margin, Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Selinexor in Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma (NRSTS)

Record copied from ClinicalTrials.gov: Oct 10, 2026AI summaries generated: Sep 17, 2026

NRSTS2021, A Risk Adapted Study Evaluating Maintenance Pazopanib, Limited Margin, Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy and Selinexor in Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma (NRSTS)

StatusRecruitingThe study is currently enrolling participants. Only the study team can say whether a particular person can join.
Study typeInterventionalA study in which researchers assign participants to one or more interventions, such as a drug, procedure, device, behavioural programme or other approach, to measure their effects.
PhasePhase 1/2A study that combines safety and dose-finding (phase 1) with a first look at whether the treatment has an effect (phase 2).
AgeUp to 30 years old
SexAll
LocationUnited States
AI summaryWhat this study is about, in plain languageShow ▾Hide ▴

AI-written from the registry record, not the study's own wording. May contain errors or omissions. Check the registry text on this page and the original record ↗ before acting on it.

This Phase 1/2 interventional study tests a risk-adapted treatment plan for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas in patients aged 1–30. Treatment combines surgery and proton-beam radiation as needed with chemotherapy (ifosfamide and doxorubicin), short-course pazopanib and six months of maintenance pazopanib; high-risk patients enter a selinexor dose-finding evaluation. The study measures event-free survival, drug pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and other clinical and molecular outcomes.

What it is studying. The study is testing a risk-based treatment strategy: estimating 3-year event-free survival for intermediate-risk patients and finding the maximum tolerated/recommended phase 2 dose of selinexor given with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and pazopanib for high-risk patients, while studying drug pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes.

What the researchers hope to learn. Primary scientific goals include estimating 3-year event-free survival for intermediate-risk patients and determining the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended Phase 2 dose of selinexor in combination with chemotherapy and pazopanib for high-risk patients. Secondary and exploratory goals include characterizing drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetic associations, describing rates of local failure, distant metastasis, disease-free and overall survival, defining treatment-related toxicities, exploring tumor molecular features via sequencing (WGS/WES/RNAseq), assessing feasibility of DNA methylation and single-cell RNA sequencing, evaluating cell-free DNA as a monitoring method, and describing cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and related biomarkers.

What this study is about

The study's own summary, as published on ClinicalTrials.gov. Underlined terms have a short explanation.

The study participant has been diagnosed with non-rhabdomyosarcoma (NRSTS). Primary Objectives Intermediate-Risk

  • To estimate the 3-year event-free survival for intermediate-risk patients treated with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, pazopanib, surgery, and maintenance pazopanib, with or without RT.
  • To characterize the pharmacokinetics of pazopanib and doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide in intermediate-risk participants, to assess potential covariates to explain the inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, and to explore associations between clinical effects and pazopanib and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics.

High-Risk

  • To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or the recommended phase 2 dosage (RP2D) of selinexor in combination with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, pazopanib, and maintenance pazopanib in high-risk participants.
  • To characterize the pharmacokinetics of selinexor, pazopanib and doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide in high-risk participants, to assess potential covariates to explain the inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, and to explore associations between clinical effects and selinexor, pazopanib and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics.

Secondary Objectives

  • To estimate the cumulative incidence of primary site local failure and distant metastasis-free, disease-free, event-free, and overall survival in participants treated on the risk-based treatment strategy defined in this protocol.
  • To define and describe the CTCAE Grade 3 or higher toxicities, and specific grade 1-2 toxicities, in low- and intermediate-risk participants.
  • To study the association between radiation dosimetry in participants receiving radiation therapy and the incidence and type of dosimetric local failure, normal adjacent tissue exposure, and musculoskeletal toxicity.
  • To evaluate the objective response rate (complete and partial response) after 3 cycles for high-risk patients receiving the combination of selinexor with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, pazopanib, and maintenance pazopanib.
  • To assess the relationship between the pharmacogenetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters and the pharmacokinetics of selinexor, pazopanib, and doxorubicin in intermediate- or high-risk patients.

Exploratory Objectives

  • To explore the correlation between radiographic response, pathologic response, survival, and toxicity, and tumor molecular characteristics, as assessed through next-generation sequencing (NGS), including whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNAseq).
  • To explore the feasibility of determining DNA mutational signatures and homologous repair deficiency status in primary tumor samples and to explore the correlation between these molecular findings and the radiographic response, survival, and toxicity of patients treated on this protocol.
  • To explore the feasibility of obtaining DNA methylation profiling on pretreatment, post-induction chemotherapy, and recurrent (if possible) tumor material, and to assess the correlation with this and pathologic diagnosis, tumor control, and survival outcomes where feasible.
  • To explore the feasibility of obtaining high resolution single-cell RNA sequencing of pretreatment, post-induction chemotherapy, and recurrent (if possible) tumor material, and to characterize the longitudinal changes in tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore the feasibility of identifying characteristic alterations in non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood as a non-invasive method of detecting and tracking changes during therapy, and to assess the correlation of cfDNA and mutations in tumor samples.
  • To describe cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, cardiopulmonary fitness among children and young adults with NRSTS treated on this protocol.
  • To investigate the potential prognostic value of serum cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro-BNP), serial electrocardiograms (EKGs), and serial echocardiograms in patients receiving ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and pazopanib, with or without selinexor.
  • To define the rates of near-complete pathologic response (>90% necrosis) and change in FDG PET maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) from baseline to week 13 in intermediate risk patients with initially unresectable tumors treated with induction pazopanib, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin, and to correlate this change with tumor control and survival outcomes.
  • To determine the number of high-risk patients initially judged unresectable at diagnosis that are able to undergo primary tumor resection after treatment with ifosfamide, doxorubicin, selinexor, and pazopanib.
  • To identify the frequency with which assessment of volumes of interest (VOIs) of target lesions would alter RECIST response assessment compared with standard linear measurements.

Interventions being studied

Being studied in this trial does not mean the treatment or procedure is approved or available for this condition.

Drug
  • Pazopanib
  • Ifosfamide
  • Doxorubicin
  • Selinexor
Procedure
  • Surgical resection
Radiation
  • Proton beam radiation therapy

Eligibility

The criteria exactly as listed on ClinicalTrials.gov. Only the study team can say whether they apply to you.

Inclusion criteria

  • Inclusion Criteria - All Patients
  • Patients must be 1-30 years at the time of the biopsy that established the diagnosis of NRSTS.
  • Surgical Resection: Patients who had an upfront resection prior to enrollment will be eligible if they are able to begin therapy within 28 days of resection assuming other eligibility criteria are met. Delayed resection is preferred for all patients with intermediate and high-risk disease.
  • Lansky performance status score ≥ 60 for patients ≤ 16 years of age. Karnofsky performance status score ≥ 60 for patients >16 years of age. Note patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.
  • Diagnosis
  • Patients with CIC-DUX 4 rearranged sarcomas will be enrolled on the high-risk stratum only, regardless of presence of metastasis, size, or resection status.
  • Patient has low-risk disease if the patient has a:
  • Low-grade tumor of any size where R0 or R1 surgical margins are anticipated or achieved.
  • High-grade tumors that are < 5 cm where R0 or R1 resection margins are anticipated or achieved.
  • Patient must have adequate organ function in the organs that will be within the radiotherapy field.
  • Adequate renal function defined as:
  • Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR > 70 mL/min/1.73 m2, or
  • A normal serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows
  • Age Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) Male Female 2 to < 6 years 0.8 0.8 6 to < 10 years 1 1 10 to < 13 years 1.2 1.2 13 to < 16 years 1.5 1.4 > 16 years 1.5 1.4
  • Adequate liver function defined as:
  • Total bilirubin < 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
  • SGOT (AST) or SGPT (ALT) < 2.5 x ULN for age
  • Adequate cardiac function defined as:
  • Ejection fraction of > 55% by echocardiogram or cardiac MRI
  • QTc < 480 msec
  • Adequate pulmonary function defined as:
  • No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a resting pulse oximetry reading > 94% on room air if there is clinical indication for determination.
  • Inclusion Criteria - Intermediate and High Risk Participants
  • Patient has intermediate-risk if the patient has a:
  • Low-grade non-metastatic initially unresectable disease at study enrollment where delayed resection is planned.
  • High-grade < 5 cm non-metastatic initially unresectable disease at study enrollment where delayed resection is planned. Of note, patients enrolled on the low-risk arm who were unable to achieve gross total resection where delayed re-resection is planned are eligible for this arm.
  • High-grade tumor > 5 cm that is potentially resectable.
  • Patient high-risk if the patient has:
  • Metastatic disease at presentation
  • Unresectable disease at study enrollment where delayed resection is not anticipated. Of note, patients enrolled on the low-risk arm who were unable to achieve gross total resection where delayed re-resection is not-planned are eligible for this arm.
  • CIC-DUX4 rearranged sarcoma
  • Organ Function
  • Adequate bone marrow function defined as:
  • Absolute neutrophil count > 1000/µL
  • Platelet count > 100,000/µL
  • Hemoglobin > 8 g/dL for patients < 16 years of age
  • Hemoglobin > 9 g/dL for patients > 16 years of age
  • Note: No transfusions are permitted 7 days prior to laboratory studies to determine eligibility.
  • Adequate renal function defined as:
  • Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR > 70 mL/min/1.73 m2, or
  • A normal serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows
  • Age Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) Male Female 2 to < 6 years 0.8 0.8 6 to < 10 years 1 1 10 to < 13 years 1.2 1.2 13 to < 16 years 1.5 1.4 > 16 years 1.5 1.4
  • Adequate liver function defined as:
  • Total bilirubin < 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
  • SGOT (AST) or SGPT (ALT) < 2.5 x ULN for age
  • Adequate cardiac function defined as:
  • Ejection fraction of > 55% by echocardiogram or cardiac MRI
  • QTc < 480 msec
  • Adequate pulmonary function defined as:
  • No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a resting pulse oximetry reading > 94% on room air if there is clinical indication for determination.
  • Anticoagulation
  • Patients on low molecular weight heparin, warfarin (with a stable INR), or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) who have been on a stable dose of are eligible. Patients being treated for a pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) must have been treated for a minimum of 6 weeks prior to starting therapy treatment.
  • Life Expectancy
  • Patient must have a life expectancy of at least 3 months with appropriate therapy.

Exclusion criteria

  • Patients with known primary CNS sarcoma or CNS metastases are not eligible. Note: Brain imaging is not an eligibility requirement. Tumors with intracranial extension will be allowed.
  • Patients with the following histologic diagnosis are not eligible: intermediate locally aggressive tumors as defined by WHO, malignant rhabdoid tumor, alveolar soft part sarcoma, infantile fibrosarcoma, unresectable/metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, desmoid fibromatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, BCOR-CCNB3 fusion positive sarcoma.
  • Bleeding diathesis: Patients with evidence of active bleeding or bleeding diathesis will be excluded (Note: Patients aged > 17 years with excess of 2.5 mL of hemoptysis are not eligible).
  • Uncontrolled hypertension: Patients with uncontrolled hypertension (CTCAE v5 Grade ≥ 2) are ineligible. Hypertension must be well controlled on stable doses of medication for at least two weeks.
  • Prior Therapy
  • Patients must have had no prior systemic therapy for the treatment of the NRSTS
  • Patients must have had no prior anthracycline or ifosfamide chemotherapy
  • Patients must have had no prior use of pazopanib or similar multi-targeted TKI.
  • Patients must have had no prior radiotherapy to tumor-involved sites.
  • Note: Patients previously treated for a non-NRSTS cancer are eligible provided they meet the prior therapy requirements. Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier are excluded.
  • CYP3A4 Substrates WITH Narrow Therapeutic Indices: Patients chronically receiving medications known to be metabolized by CYP3A4 and with narrow therapeutic indices within 7 days prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to pimozide, aripiprazole, triazolam, ergotamine and halofantrine are not eligible. Note: the use of fentanyl is permitted.
  • CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Patients chronically receiving drugs that are known potent CYP3A4 inhibitors within 7 days prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to itraconazole, clarithromycin, erythromycin, many NNRTIs, diltiazem, verapamil, and grapefruit juice are not eligible.
  • CYP3A4 Inducers: Patients chronically receiving drugs that are known potent CYP3A4 inducers within 14 days prior to study enrollment, including but not limited to carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, and St. John's wort are not eligible (with the exception of glucocorticoids).
  • Certain medications that are associated with a risk for QTc prolongation and/or Torsade's de Pointes, although not prohibited, should be avoided or replaced with medications that do not carry these risks, if possible.
  • Subjects with any condition that may impair the ability to absorb oral medications/investigational product including:
  • prior surgical procedures affecting absorption including, but not limited to major resection of stomach or small bowel
  • active peptic ulcer disease
  • malabsorption syndrome
  • 4.12 Thyroid Replacement Therapy: Patients who require thyroid replacement therapy are not eligible if they have not been receiving a stable replacement dose for at least 4 weeks prior to study enrollment.
  • 4.13 Subjects with any condition that may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal perforation, including:
  • active peptic ulcer disease
  • known intraluminal metastatic lesions
  • inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) or other gastrointestinal conditions which increase the risk of perforation
  • history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra- abdominal abscess within 28 days prior to beginning study treatment.
  • 4.14 Pulmonary embolism or DVT. Patients must not have experienced:
  • An untreated pulmonary embolism or DVT in last 6 months or
  • treated pulmonary embolism or DVT which has been treated with therapeutic anticoagulation for less than 6 weeks
  • arterial thrombosis in last 12 months
  • History of serious or non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture.
  • Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
  • HIV-positive subjects on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with pazopanib. In addition, these subjects are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy.
  • Patients who are receiving any other investigational agent(s).
  • Pregnancy and Breast Feeding
  • Pregnancy and Breast Feeding Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies.
  • Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants during treatment and for a period of 1 month following completion of treatment.
  • Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained.
  • Unwillingness to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for at least 1 month after treatment is completed if sexually active with reproductive potential.

Study description and what participation involves

The study's detailed description, as published on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Detailed description from the registry

For the intermediate-risk group, a two-sided one-sample log-rank test will be used to detect an improvement in 3-year EFS from 72% to 86% (power 87% with type I error rate of 5%). With this design, 53 evaluable patients in total will be required. Non-binding interim futility rules will be employed for the combination of subsets of A, B, C at week 10 and a separate rule for subset B at year 2 in terms of local failure rate.

AI summaryWhat participation may involve, in plain languageShow ▾Hide ▴

AI-written from the registry record, not the study's own wording. May contain errors or omissions. Check the registry text on this page and the original record ↗ before acting on it.

Taking part can include surgery to remove the tumor and, for many patients, proton beam radiation given daily (Monday–Friday) for about 5–6 weeks starting roughly 3–6 weeks after surgery. Some participants will receive intravenous chemotherapy (ifosfamide and doxorubicin), oral pazopanib (including about 6 months of maintenance pazopanib), and some high‑risk patients will also take the oral drug selinexor. The study involves blood draws for drug levels and cell‑free DNA, imaging tests (including FDG‑PET where used), heart monitoring (EKGs and echocardiograms and cardiac biomarkers), and use of tumor tissue from surgery or biopsies for genetic and molecular analyses (WGS/WES/RNAseq, DNA methylation, single‑cell RNA sequencing) when available. You will be followed over time for tumor response, side effects, and survival; the study team will give the exact visit and testing schedule.

How the study is structured. Open-label, non-randomized Phase 1/2 trial with a factorial design. Participants are assigned to low-, intermediate- or high-risk groups and receive treatments based on risk group: surgery alone or surgery plus proton-beam radiation (research doses), chemotherapy (ifosfamide and doxorubicin) and short-course pazopanib followed by six months of pazopanib maintenance for many intermediate/high-risk participants, and a selinexor dose-escalation component for high-risk participants to determine the tolerated dose. The protocol includes pharmacokinetic sampling and planned molecular and imaging correlative studies.

Questions you could ask

These questions are suggestions for a conversation with the study team or your own clinician, not advice.

  • The registry lists this study under Adipocytic Neoplasm; Liposarcoma; Atypical Fibroxanthoma; Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma; Fibrosarcoma NOS; Myxofibrosarcoma; Angiosarcoma; Osteosarcoma, Extraskeletal; Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma; Myxoid Liposarcoma; Pleomorphic Liposarcoma; Myxoid Pleomorphic Liposarcoma; Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma; Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma; Malignant Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue; Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma; Glomus Tumor; Inflammatory Leiomyosarcoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor, Malignant; Myoepithelioma; Synovial Sarcoma; Epithelioid Sarcoma; Perineurioma, Malignant; Clear Cell Sarcoma; Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma; Granular Cell Tumor, Malignant; Melanotic Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumor; Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor; Perivascular Epithelioid Tumor, Malignant; Intimal Sarcoma; Myoepithelial Carcinoma; Undifferentiated Sarcoma; Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Undifferentiated; Round Cell Sarcoma, Undifferentiated; NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm; Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor, Malignant; Round Cell Sarcoma; Well Differentiated Liposarcoma; Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Parts NOS; Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma; Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans, Fibrosarcomatous. Does it apply to my diagnosis?
  • This is an early-phase study, mainly about safety and dose. What is already known about this treatment?
  • The listed sites are in United States. Is any of them reachable for me, and does the study help with travel?
  • Which of the eligibility criteria would need to be checked with tests before I could join?

More on glomus jugulare tumor

Important dates

Study start
Mar 27, 2024
Primary completion
June 2034 (estimated)
Study completion
June 2037 (estimated)
Target enrollment
139 participants (estimated)
Last updated on registry
Aug 3, 2026
Data verified
Oct 10, 2026

Sponsor and research team

The lead sponsor funds and oversees the trial. A pharmaceutical or biotech company sponsor typically means the study is testing that company's drug or device; a hospital, university, or government agency usually indicates investigator-initiated or publicly funded research.

Lead sponsor
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Central study contact

If you're interested in participating, the central contact can answer general questions about the study — including eligibility requirements and how to find a recruiting site near you. Actual eligibility is determined by the site's medical team.

Participating sites (7)

  • Children's Healthcare of AtlantaRecruiting

    Atlanta, Georgia, 30329 · United States

    • Kathryn Sutton, MD
    • Kathryn Sutton, MD
  • Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoRecruiting

    Chicago, Illinois, 60611 · United States

    • Jennifer Reicheck, MD
    • Jennifer Reicheck, MD
  • Our Lady of the Lake Children's HospitalRecruiting

    Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70809 · United States

    • Jeffrey Deyo, MD
    • Jeffrey Deyo, MD
  • Dana Farber Cancer InstituteRecruiting

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02215 · United States

    • Natalie Collins, MD
    • Natalie Collins, MD
  • Washington University Medical CenterRecruiting

    St Louis, Missouri, 63110 · United States

    • Amy Armstrong, MD
    • Amy Armstrong, MD
  • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterRecruiting

    Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229 · United States

    • Brian Turpin, MD
    • Brian Turpin, MD
  • St. Jude Children's Research HospitalRecruiting

    Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 · United States

Terms used on this page · explanations by MedicalUpdates.ai

pharmacokinetics
How the body absorbs, distributes, breaks down and removes a drug. It is studied by measuring drug levels or related substances at set times after a dose.
maximum tolerated dose
The highest dose found in a dose-escalation study that can be given without too many dose-limiting side effects.
phase 2
A study that tests whether a treatment has the intended effect and continues to check safety, usually in a larger group than phase 1.
RP2D
The dose chosen at the end of a phase 1 study for testing in later studies, based on safety and other measurements.
overall survival
The length of time from the start of the study or treatment that participants are alive, whatever the cause of death.
biomarkers
Something measurable in the body, such as a blood test result or an imaging finding, that indicates how a condition or treatment is behaving.
PET
A scan in which a small amount of a radioactive tracer is injected so that activity in tissues can be seen. Often combined with a CT or MRI scan.
baseline
Measurements taken at the start of the study, before any study treatment, so that later results can be compared with them.
Inclusion Criteria
The conditions a person must meet to be considered for the study, for example a confirmed diagnosis, an age range or a test result.
biopsy
Removal of a small piece of tissue so it can be examined under a microscope. 'Biopsy-proven' or 'histologically confirmed' means the diagnosis was confirmed by examining tissue under a microscope.
enrollment
The number of participants a study plans to include, or has included. 'Estimated' means the planned number; 'actual' means the number who joined.
eligibility criteria
The rules the study team uses to decide who may take part. They are usually split into inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.
performance status
A scale from 0 to 5 that describes how a person's condition affects daily activity. 0 means fully active; 1 means restricted in strenuous activity; 2 means able to self-care but unable to work; higher numbers mean more limitation.
Karnofsky performance status
A scale from 100 (no complaints) down to 0 that describes how well a person can carry out daily activities. Studies often require a minimum score.
Creatinine clearance
A measure of kidney function, calculated from a blood creatinine level together with age, weight and sex.
GFR
A blood-test estimate of how well the kidneys are filtering. Lower numbers mean reduced kidney function; many studies set a minimum value.
upper limit of normal
The highest value of a blood test that a laboratory considers normal. Criteria such as '≤ 3 × ULN' mean the result must be no more than three times that value.
echocardiogram
An ultrasound scan of the heart. A transesophageal echocardiogram is done through a probe passed into the food pipe for a closer view.
MRI
A scan that uses magnets and radio waves, not X-rays, to make detailed pictures of the inside of the body. Some implants and metal objects mean a person cannot have one.
QTc
A recording of the heart's electrical activity. QTc is one measurement from it; some drugs are avoided if it is prolonged.
Absolute neutrophil count
The number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that fights infection, in a blood sample. Studies often require it to be above a set level.
stable dose
A dose that has not changed for a defined period before the study starts. Studies may require this so that background treatment is relatively stable when study measurements begin.
Life Expectancy
Some studies require that, in the investigator's judgement, a participant is likely to live long enough to complete the study period. It is a study requirement, not a prediction about any individual.
Prior Therapy
Treatment a person has already had for the condition. A 'line of therapy' is one course of treatment; studies often require, or limit, the number of prior lines.
adverse events
Any unwanted medical problem that happens during a study, whether or not it was caused by the treatment. A 'serious' adverse event is one that meets specific criteria, such as causing death, being life-threatening, requiring or prolonging hospital admission, causing significant disability, or another medically important outcome.
glucocorticoids
Steroid medicines, such as prednisone, that reduce inflammation. Studies often require a stable dose at entry or measure whether the study treatment allows the dose to be reduced.
investigational product
A treatment that is being tested and has not been approved for this use. It may be approved for a different condition. Being studied does not mean it works or is available outside the study.
childbearing potential
Studies often ask participants who could become pregnant, or could father a child, to use contraception during the study and for a period afterwards, because the effect of the treatment on a pregnancy is unknown.
Exclusion Criteria
The conditions that rule a person out even if they meet the inclusion criteria, for example other illnesses, certain medicines or pregnancy.

The study record on this page is reproduced from ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, where it was submitted by the study sponsor. MedicalUpdates.ai does not own this content, is not affiliated with or endorsed by ClinicalTrials.gov, NIH, or the U.S. Government, and does not verify the record. Plain-language notes, the glossary and the questions above are added by this site; text in the boxes marked "AI summary" was written by an AI model and may contain errors. Registry records change over time. Check the original record for the current version and discuss eligibility or participation with a qualified healthcare professional.

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